New imaging technology increases the efficiency
of flotation processes in concentration plants

It is now possible to use measurement devices based on impedance tomography to create real-time 3D images from inside the pipelines and tanks used by the processing industries. One significant application for this technology, spearheaded by the Finnish company Numcore Oy, is concentration plants in the mining industry.

The technology opens up entirely new possibilities to control flotation processes, an important component in the concentration process of minerals. In simplified terms, the principle of flotation is to blow bubbles of air into a mixture of ore, water and chemicals, whereby the mineral particles cling onto the bubbles. Mineral-carrying froth is generated as the bubbles rise up to the surface and are collected from there.

"Problems emerge if the froth cannot carry the load of mineral particles or the process otherwise becomes disturbed. The froth bed then disappears, and restarting the process wastes valuable time," says Jukka Hakola, Numcore's Vice President of Sales and Marketing.

With Numcore measurement devices, the size and quantity of air bubbles and the solid matter content of the froth bed can be monitored by means of electric conductivity distribution.

"If the solid matter content and bubble size in the froth bed changes, and solid matter starts to gather under the froth, this can cause the froth to become rigid or to collapse. When this situation can be predicted, the problem can be solved by changing the operating parameters.

Real-time characteristics are a key functionality in this technology; in other words, the system continuously provides the operator with factual data on what is happening in the flotation cells, for example the location of minerals and the bottom surface of the froth bed.

"Because it has not been possible to look inside tanks, controlling a mineral concentration process has largely been based on experience-derived know-how. Now that operators can 'look' inside the process, it is possible for them to maintain an optimal mix all the time," says Hakola.

Co-operation with customers
According to Hakola, measuring as such does not create added value, rather the results should be used to control the operation. Therefore Numcore has, in close co-operation with a few key customers, developed measurement technology to better serve every-day work.

The company's close partners include Outotec, a global supplier of mineral processing and metallurgical plants, and especially in the initial phase, the Geological Survey of Finland's Outokumpu Mineral Processing Laboratory.

Pictures (Left to right):

Numcore's CoreHydra sensor and its power supply unit can operate even in the harshest of environments. The device pictured analyses interface inside a thickening basin.

Based on impedance tomography, the Numcore system produces a conductivity index curve for monitoring the condition of the  froth bed in a mineral concentration plant in real time. Strong fluctuations in the curve predict a collapse of the froth bed. The results can also be viewed multidimensionally  using colours. Here, blue indicates the froth bed condition and red the location of the solid matter.

With a Numcore sensor, the thickness of the froth bed in a zinc pre-flotation cell can be analysed and any upcoming collapses or skin formations can be predicted.

"At the moment, our sensors are in use at two concentration plants, where we have been able to see in practice which parameters need to be controlled and how we can really numerically prove the benefits that can be achieved for the customer. Our goal is to intervene in any upcoming problems at such an early stage that the process can go on without disturbances.

Numcore measurement technology is currently in test use at Inmet Pyhäsalmi Mine Oy's copper and zinc mine at Pyhäsalmi, among others. According to Seppo Lähteenmäki, Processing Mill Manager, the system has provided accurate information on the condition of the froth bed, and the technology has functioned reliably.

"We have tested the device for a few months, and it has provided clear benefits for those operators who have received operator training for it and actively monitored the data provided by the system. The device appears to be so useful, in fact, that we are seriously considering buying it after the test period," he says.

Help from mathematical modelling
Depending on the diameter of the pipeline or tank, Numcore measurement devices are realised either as a flow-through sensor or as a probe-type sensor for installation inside large pipelines or tanks.

By supplying a weak alternating current to the electrodes of the sensor, it is possible to measure conductivity differences between the phases, for example for liquids, inside pipelines and tanks, as different substances show different conductivity values. The actual image is created by means of inverse calculation, however, and this is where Numcore's core know-how lies.

"Our CoreApus flow-through sensor lends itself for analysing material flows inside pipelines of less than one metre in diameter. Because processing tanks are generally larger than this, we have developed the probe-type CoreHydra sensor which can analyse a larger area of the tank. With several sensors, one can even analyse a large tank or cell," says Hakola.

Both sensor types can accurately measure interfaces between liquids and solids, but CoreApus is also applicable for imaging rapidly flowing liquids for example in pulp and paper mills.

"The biggest difference compared to previous systems is that now you can analyse why and how something is happening in the process, and how you can prevent an event if necessary. We focused on making the system easy to use to enable real-time and on-site corrective measures rather than relying on, say, laboratory samples."

Numcore in profile
Numcore Oy develops new-generation measurement devices providing 3D imaging based on impedance tomography and the calculations and result reporting necessary for them. The company's products can be used for solving problems and boosting efficiency in paper, mining, chemical and food industry processes.

Further applications include analysing various mixed substances and verifying separation processes. The data provided by the sensors enables real-time modelling and ensures complete mixing. This helps to reduce the mixing time and thus reduces energy and chemical consumption.

The company has been accepted to the second phase of the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation's (Tekes) Young Innovative Company program aimed at rapid business development and expansion to the global markets. Numcore recently won the French ATIP 2010 Innovation Trophy for the most innovative paper technology company.

For further information, e-mail: jukka.hakola@numcore.com

All weather radio telemetry system offers
high accuracy, remote angle measurement data 

Sherborne Sensors, a global leader in the design and manufacture of sensors for military, aerospace and industrial applications, has announced its debut wireless product, the Wireless Tilt System (WTS). Designed to provide surveyors, geotechnical specialists and structural engineers with a complete measurement solution, the WTS is a flexible all weather radio telemetry system delivering highly accurate remote angle measurement data.

The WTS eliminates the practical difficulties associated with using traditional wired measurement systems by recording and logging data remotely. It is also enables structural engineers to make significant cost savings by dramatically reducing the time taken to complete the inspection of civil structures. 

"Monitoring and assessing structural health by visual or other conventional wired methods can be extremely costly and labour intensive, especially when multiple readings must be obtained," said Mike Baker, Managing Director, Sherborne Sensors "The WTS provides a simple and cost-effective solution for determining structural weaknesses and identifying where maintenance may be required. All the engineer has to do is fit the low power inclinometers to strategic points on the given structure." 

At the heart of the system is the WTS Wireless inclinometer, which uses an advanced MEMS sensor to ensure high accuracy and maximum reliability. The multi-channel and distortion-free digital two-way telemetry system has a wireless range of up to 330ft (100m), 18-bit resolution and an exceptional battery life of up to five years. It also has an extremely robust design, ensuring it is able to operate in all weather conditions. 

Furthermore, the WTS can be used to verify design calculations during the manufacturing of new structures, providing valuable data for refining computer aided modelling of structural behaviour. A variety of complementary base stations and PC or hand-held data acquisition modules are also available to deliver a complete measurement solution configurable to any type of structural health monitoring application.

Sherborne Sensors can customise all of its inclinometers and manufacture to comply with specific customer requirements within its AS9100B Quality Management System. In addition, all Sherborne Sensors products come with an industry exclusive two‐year comprehensive warranty and Guaranteed On‐Time Delivery programme, and are meticulously tested and calibrated to international standards prior to shipment.

For further information, e-mail: sales@sherbornesensors.com or view website: www.sherbornesensors.com  Refer to page 171